End-to-End Performance with Uncoordinated Power Management in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we analyze the end-to-end routing performance of a wireless sensor network with uncoordinated power management (UPM). In UPM, nodes power on and off with a predetermined duty cycle. We consider the effects of changing the specified duty cycle, spatial node density, and mobility on end-to-end delays, buffering requirements, and the actual, realized energy savings in both stationary and mobile environments. We develop a routing protocol for use with UPM, UPMR, to evaluate the use of UPM. We show that average delays and average queue lengths are proportional with the period while the realized energy savings relies heavily on the spatial node density and the offered load. Additionally, node mobility has little effect on average delays and realized energy savings, but average queue length increases with the degree of mobility. We also present a simple model to provide a rough sense for choosing T .